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Application notes

Size distribution of Gold Nanoparticles Application notes

Size distribution of Gold Nanoparticles

SAXS was employed to characterize various complex nanoparticle samples: monodisperse systems (with a narrow standard deviation or broad distribution) and bimodal mixtures with different ratios. Nanoparticles (NPs) are indispensable in numerous applications, ranging from coatings and cosmetics to drug delivery systems, where they are frequently employed even at exceptionally low…
Cellulose nanocrystals under shear studied by SAXS Application notesType of articles

Cellulose nanocrystals under shear studied by SAXS

The structural evolution of cellulose nanocrystals under shear is monitored using two different SAXS set-ups In the last two decades, bio-based nanomaterials have attracted increasing research interest for applications in a multitude of industrial sectors.  Moreover, with soaring oil prices and the rising consumer appeal toward sustainable products, market growth…
Shear alignment of Pluronic block copolymers Application notesApplication notes-PharmaType of articles

Shear alignment of Pluronic block copolymers

The structural evolution of P123 Pluronics was monitored and analyzed through shearSAXS measurements performed with the Xenocs Couette stage Poloxamers, also known under commercial names as Pluronics®, Synperonics® or Kolliphor® are a class of synthetic triblock copolymers that are composed of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO) blocks. They…
Paticle size distribution
Size distribution of nanoparticles: powders, dispersions and composites Application notes

Size distribution of nanoparticles: powders, dispersions and composites

Size distributions of industrial nanoparticles have been determined in various forms for quality assessment and process monitoring. Nanoparticles are being produced at an increasing rate and have become an essential building block for the development of new materials with improved properties. The performance of the final products depends not only…
Vesicles SAXS
Vesicles Application notes

Vesicles

Probing the effect of oxidation on model lipid bilayers The vital function of cells depends strongly on cell membranes which enclose cellular compartments and separate the cell interior from the extracellular domain. Oxidative stress for example damages the cell membrane and is at the origin of many pathological conditions such…
Microgels
Microgels Application notes

Microgels

Screening of stimuli-responsive colloidal particles Microgels are colloidal particles consisting of cross-linked 3-dimensional polymer networks. These particles have the ability to shrink or swell substantially in response to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, ionic strength and light, allowing triggered release of encapsulated bioactive molecules. They additionally protect these loaded…
Thorough investigation of oligomers during protein fibrillation Application notes

Thorough investigation of oligomers during protein fibrillation

The transient nature of aggregates during the fibrillation process of α-synuclein is highlighted with in-house SAXS experiments using the BioXolver. Protein aggregation into fibrillar structures is associated with a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. It is becoming increasingly evident that the toxic species causing the…
In-lab SEC-SAXS for structural investigation of complex samples Application notesApplication notes-Pharma

In-lab SEC-SAXS for structural investigation of complex samples

How to study the structure of complex biological samples? High quality data and 3D envelopes can be obtained on small and large proteins with SEC-SAXS in the lab Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is commonly used to investigate the solution structure of biological macromolecules. Highly accurate results can be obtained with…
Protein-protein interactions – from in vivo functionality to pharmaceutics and food science Application notesApplication notes-Pharma

Protein-protein interactions – from in vivo functionality to pharmaceutics and food science

Salt concentration and pH impact were studied on lysozyme and BSA systems respectively by investigating various parameters (osmotic second virial coefficient, folding state and 3D shape). Protein-protein interactions are relevant for various biological processes, such as transcription and signal transduction, but also for protein crystallization, stability and shelf-life of pharmaceutical…
High throughput protein envelope determination Application notesApplication notes-Pharma

High throughput protein envelope determination

3D envelopes were determined from an automated sequence of measurements including 3 different proteins with low volume and dilute solutions. Small-angle X-ray scattering is complementary to other structural biology techniques. It provides reliable information on the shape of proteins in solution and associated parameters including macromolecule interactions and dynamics. Reliability of the…
Polymer phase transformation Application notes

Polymer phase transformation

Simultaneous SAXS/WAXS measurements of a semi-crystalline polymer during thermal processing enables determination of route for phase transformation. It is well known that polymers undergo a large series of thermal transformations, from the synthesis in the reactor up to the final product shaping, i.e. during injection molding processing or film formation.…
Overview of a surfactant structure Application notes

Overview of a surfactant structure

SAXS/WAXS measurements were performed on the Head & Shoulders Classic Clean Shampoo from Procter & Gamble and reveal its inner structure. Many personal care products are concentrated surfactant systems displaying a multi-phasic microstructure. To design new properties through innovative formulation and to control the latter during the production process, good…
Silk fiber nanostructure investigation Application notes

Silk fiber nanostructure investigation

SAXS/WAXS measurements enable the determination of the characteristic dimensions and the semi-crystalline structure of Bombyx mori cocoon silk fibers. The excellent mechanical properties of silk fibers, such as their high strength and toughness, made them of great practical interest for numerous applications. The most ubiquitous domesticated silkworm, the Bombyx mori,…
Protein structure resolution Application notes

Protein structure resolution

SAXS/WAXS investigation of the protein Sub-unit F of the eukaryotic V1V0 ATPase was performed using the Xeuss 2.0 SAXS/WAXS system, leading to its structure resolution. The Small-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) technique is now well known for studying biological systems and more specifically proteins in solution. SAXS measurements allow the determination…